Posterior leg7/28/2023 ![]() ![]() With the exception of the popliteus muscle, they have a general origin from the posterior aspect of the tibia and fibula and plantar-flex the foot and toes. The four deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are the popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior muscles ( Fig. All three muscle tendons fuse inferiorly to the calcaneus through the large calcaneal tendon (Achilles’ tendon).įIGURE 45.1 Superficial muscles of the posterior leg. They have a general origin from the femoral condyles and the superior part of the tibia and fibula. The three superficial muscles plantar-flex the ankle and are the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles ( Fig. The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are divided into superficial and deep groups by a thickened layer of deep fascia. The bones of the leg, tibia, and fibula (see Chapter 44) provide support and muscle attachment for the posterior compartment of the leg. Surgical: Open reduction and internal fixation (setting the fracture in the correct position and then fixing in place with metalwork).The posterior part of the leg (the calf) is between the knee and the ankle and contains superficial muscles that flex the ankle and deep muscles that flex the toes ( Table 45.1).Conservative: Rest, pain control and physiotherapy.Treatment of avulsion fractures of the ischial tuberosity can be conservative or surgical: It can be associated with sciatic nerve damage (the nerve lies in close location and could be compressed by a displaced fragment of bone). Patients with this injury often experience a sudden pain in the posterior thigh, followed by an inability to walk. In rare cases (predominantly adolescents), sudden and forceful contraction of the hamstrings can result in an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity. The muscles of the posterior thigh all originate from the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis. ![]() Clinical Relevance: Hamstring Avulsion Fracture of the Ischial TuberosityĪn avulsion fracture occurs when a fragment of bone attached to a ligament or tendon gets pulled away from the main mass of the bone. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the muscles in the posterior thigh - their attachments, actions and clinical correlations. They are innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3). The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are collectively known as the hamstrings. They consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus, which form prominent tendons medially and laterally at the back of the knee.Īs group, these muscles act to extend at the hip, and flex at the knee. Attachments: Originates from the ischial tuberosity (more superiorly than the origin of the semitendinosus and biceps femoris).It is located deep to the semitendinosus on the medial aspect of the posterior thigh. The semimembranosus muscle is flattened and broad. ![]()
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